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Sovereignty tiers

flareover exists to move you toward EU-sovereign infrastructure, not merely EU residency. Those are different things, and the tool is deliberate about the difference. Every provider it offers is tagged, and it will never let a US-operated option pass as sovereign.

Terminal window
flareover providers # lists every edge provider with its tier
Tier What it means
EU-owned (sovereign) An EU-headquartered operator with no non-EU parent that could be compelled to hand over data. EU jurisdiction only.
US-operator · EU-region A US company’s EU datacenter. Your data resides in the EU, but the operator is under US CLOUD Act / FISA reach. Offered as a pragmatic bridge, never labelled sovereign, always with a nudge to the EU-owned options.

The distinction matters because CLOUD Act reach follows the operator’s nationality, not the datacenter’s location. “It’s in Frankfurt” does not make it sovereign if the company holding the keys answers to a foreign subpoena.

Use a key with flareover prepare --edge-provider <key> to emit a cloud-init that boots a Caddy edge on that provider.

Key Provider Where it sits Jurisdiction
hetzner Hetzner DE (Nuremberg/Falkenstein) · FI (Helsinki) EU jurisdiction only
ovh OVHcloud FR (Gravelines/Roubaix) + EU EU jurisdiction only
contabo Contabo DE (Munich) + EU EU jurisdiction only
aruba Aruba IT (Arezzo/Milan) EU jurisdiction only · Italian operator
scaleway Scaleway FR (Paris) · NL · PL EU jurisdiction only
leaseweb Leaseweb NL (Amsterdam) + EU EU jurisdiction only · Dutch operator

US-operator · EU-region (residency only, not sovereign)

Section titled “US-operator · EU-region (residency only, not sovereign)”
Key Provider Where it sits The honest catch
aws-milano AWS (eu-south-1, Milan) IT (Milan) EU residency, but US CLOUD Act / FISA reach
gcp-milano Google Cloud (europe-west8, Milan) IT (Milan) EU residency, but US CLOUD Act / FISA reach
azure-milano Azure (Italy North, Milan) IT (Milan) EU residency, but US CLOUD Act / FISA reach

The same honesty applies wherever a US-operated option appears:

  • DNS targets: route53, clouddns, and azure are labelled US-operated; provisioning against them prints a nudge to the EU-owned options.
  • Object storage: the managed destinations are all EU-owned and EU-region-scoped.
  • Edge: flareover providers groups the two tiers explicitly.

This is corporate-jurisdiction information to inform a choice, not legal advice. Your obligations depend on your data and your regulators; confirm the exact region and terms with the provider at deploy time.

The whole point of leaving a large managed edge is usually some mix of cost, lock-in, and control. If you’re doing the work anyway, flareover makes it easy to land somewhere genuinely under EU jurisdiction, and refuses to let “EU region” quietly stand in for “EU sovereign”, which is exactly the kind of silent substitution the contract is built to prevent.

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